書きかえ問題の出題傾向

書きかえ問題を分類してみました。パターンが決まっているものも多いですが、中には発想の転換が必要なものもあり、クイズ的な面白さがある問題も見られます。

現在完了に関する問題

He broke his leg, so he can’t walk now.
=　He (　　　) (　　　) his leg.

【解答】has broken

George and Toshi met three years ago. They are good friends now.
George and Toshi (　　　) (　　　) each other for three years.

【解答】have known

Our dog is six years old. We first had him five years ago.
We (　　　) (　　　) our dog for five years.

【解答】have had

We moved to Osaka five years ago, and we still live there.
We (　　　) (　　　) in Osaka for five years.

【解答】have lived

My brother got sick last night. He is still sick.
My brother (　　　) (　　　) sick since last night.

【解答】has been

It became warm yesterday, and it is still warm now.
It (　　　) (　　　) warm since yesterday.

【解答】has been

It started to rain this morning. It’s still raining now.
It’s (　　　) rainy (　　　) this morning.

【解答】been / since

This is my first visit to Hawaii.
I’ve (　　　) (　　　) Hawaii before.

【解答】never visited

I know Tomohiro. I first met him five years ago.
I (　　　) (　　　) Tomohiro for five years.

【解答】have known

It is three months since I received a letter from you last.
I (　　　) (　　　) from you for three months.

【解答】haven’t heard

It has been a long time since I saw you last.
I (　　　) (　　　) you for a long time.

【解答】haven’t seen

This is the most exciting movie I’ve ever seen.
I’ve (　　　) (　　　) such an exciting movie.

【解答】never seen

My grandfather died ten years ago.
My grandfather (　　　) been (　　　) for ten years.

【解答】have / dead

This is the first time for me to go to China.
I have (　　　) (　　　) to China before.

【解答】never been

I went to Boston and came back just now.
I have just (　　　) (　　　) Boston.

【解答】been to

My mother went to the supermarket, so she isn’t here now.
My mother (　　　) (　　　) to the supermarket.

【解答】has gone

He is the last man who reached the top of the mountain.
Nobody after him (　　　) (　　　) the top of the mountain.

【解答】has reached

不定詞に関する問題

Speaking English is very hard.
(　　　) (　　　) English is very hard.

【解答】To speak

It is difficult to play the guitar.
(　　　) the guitar is difficult.

【解答】Playing

She played the piano easily.
(　　　) was easy for her (　　　) play the piano.

【解答】It / to

I cannot go next week.
(　　　) (　　　) not possible for me (　　　) go next week.

【解答】It is / to

There was no food in the refrigerator.
There was (　　　) (　　　) eat in the refrigerator.

【解答】nothing to

Masao is very hungry now, so he wants some food.
Masao is very hungry now, so he wants (　　　) to (　　　).

【解答】something / eat

I was very surprised when I heard the news.
I was very surprised (　　　) (　　　) the news.

【解答】to hear

I saw my old friend. I was very happy.
I was very happy (　　　) (　　　) my old friend.

【解答】to see

I hope that she will drive me home.
I want (　　　) (　　　) (　　　) me home.

【解答】her to drive

疑問詞+不定詞に関する問題

Can your mother drive a car?
(　　　) your mother know (　　　) to drive a car?

【解答】Does / how

I know the way to use this phone.
I know (　　　) (　　　) use this phone.

【解答】how to

Please tell me the way to Kyoto Station.
Do you know (　　　) (　　　) get to Kyoto Station?

【解答】how to

I don’t know how I should answer this question.
I don’t know (　　　) (　　　) answer this question.

【解答】how to

Where should I go? I don’t know that.
I don’t know (　　　) (　　　) go.

【解答】where to

I’m not sure when I should phone him.
I’m not sure when (　　　) (　　　) him.

【解答】to phone

I don’t know what to say.
I don’t know what I (　　　) (　　　).

【解答】should say

too … to ・ enough to 構文に関する問題

I was so tired that I couldn’t do my homework.
I was (　　　) tired (　　　) do my homework.

【解答】too / to

This story is so difficult that we can’t understand it.
This story is (　　　) difficult (　　　) us (　　　) understand.

【解答】too / for / to

This melon is too expensive for me to buy.
This melon is (　　　) expensive that I (　　　) buy it.

【解答】so / can’t

Naomi was too tired to do her homework.
Naomi was (　　　) tired that she (　　　) do her homework.

【解答】so / couldn’t

The homework was too difficult for me to do.
The homework was (　　　) difficult (　　　) I couldn’t do it.

【解答】so / that

That boy is not safe enough for the children to play with.
That boy is (　　　) (　　　) for the children to play with.

【解答】too dangerous

Bill is so rich that he can buy a new house.
Bill is rich (　　　) (　　　) buy a new house.

【解答】enough to

Because Yuka is rich, she can buy anything.
Yuka is rich (　　　) (　　　) buy anything.

【解答】enough to

My grandfather was strong enough to live alone.
My grandfather was (　　　) strong that he (　　　) live alone.

【解答】so / couldn’t

関係代名詞・分詞に関する問題

The picture was good. It was painted by the teacher.
The picture (　　　) (　　　) the teacher was good.

【解答】painted by

That boy was Tom. He was singing with Nancy.
That boy (　　　) with Nancy (　　　) Tom.

【解答】singing / was

Mike took these pictures. They are very beautiful.
These pictures (　　　) (　　　) Mike are very beautiful.

【解答】taken by

I have a friend who lives in China.
I have a friend (　　　) in China.

【解答】living

The picture which Ken took is beautiful.
The picture (　　　) (　　　) Ken is beautiful.

【解答】taken by

These are the presents my grandmother gave me.
These are the presents (　　　) to me (　　　) my grandmother.

【解答】given / by

This is the letter written by Testsuji yesterday.
This is the letter Tetsuji (　　　) yesterday.

【解答】wrote

Do you know the girl named Nancy?
Do you know the girl (　　　) is named Nancy?

【解答】who

This is a letter written by him.
This is a letter (　　　) (　　　) (　　　).

【解答】which he wrote

Satoko has two friends living in Australia.
Satoko has two friends (　　　) (　　　) in Australia.

【解答】who live

This is the book Tom reads every day.
This is the book (　　　) is (　　　) by Tom every day.

【解答】which / read

Look at that girl. She has long, black hair.
Look at that girl (　　　) (　　　) long, black hair.

【解答】who has

What is the animal with long ears?
What is the animal (　　　) (　　　) long ears?

【解答】which has

The man with long hair is my brother, Ken.
The man (　　　) (　　　) long hair is my brother, Ken.

【解答】who has

比較に関する問題

Her question is easier than yours.
Your question is (　　　) (　　　) than hers.

【解答】more difficult

Yuri can’t run as fast as Miki.
Miki runs (　　　) than Yuri.

【解答】faster

Your brother is not as tall as Ken.
Ken is (　　　) (　　　) your brother.

【解答】taller than

Your bike is newer than mine.
My bike is (　　　) (　　　) new (　　　) yours.

【解答】not as / as

Emi runs faster than Takayo. Takayo runs faster than Kazumi.
Emi runs the (　　　) (　　　) the three.

【解答】fastest of

My house was built 50 years ago. Your house was built 50 years ago, too.
Your house is (　　　) old (　　　) mine.

【解答】as / as

Japan and Germany are about the same size.
Japan is about (　　　) big (　　　) Germany.

【解答】as / as

This ball is smaller than the two other balls.
This ball is (　　　) (　　　) of the three.

【解答】the smallest

I have never seen such a beautiful flower before.
This is (　　　) (　　　) (　　　) flower I have ever seen.

【解答】the most

You must read as many books as possible.
You must read as many books as (　　　) (　　　).

【解答】you can

Which is your favorite, summer or winter?
Which do you (　　　) (　　　), summer or winter?

【解答】like better